{
  "bbox": [
    4.1,
    51.83,
    4.6,
    52.09
  ],
  "center": [
    4.47,
    51.92
  ],
  "country": "Netherlands",
  "defaultZoom": 10,
  "homeCurrency": "EUR",
  "id": "rotterdam",
  "lines": [
    {
      "cityId": "rotterdam",
      "color": "#1BC5E9",
      "displayNumber": "D",
      "id": "rotterdam-line-D",
      "name": {
        "en": "Line D (former Erasmuslijn / Noord-Zuidlijn)"
      },
      "phases": [
        {
          "confidence": "medium",
          "constructionStart": "1960",
          "cost": {
            "basis": "outturn",
            "confidence": "low",
            "nominal": {
              "currency": "NLG",
              "isEstimate": false,
              "value": 170000000,
              "year": 1968
            },
            "notes": "Final build cost ≈ƒ170M (~€77M) plus ~ƒ20M associated works (nl.wikipedia). The 14 May 1960 first sheet-pile is well sourced (wederopbouwrotterdam.nl); the 14 May 1959 council authorization of ƒ134M was the approved budget, not the outturn. See research.json for full provenance. [Citation chase 2026-06-11] The ƒ170M outturn is supported only by an uncited nl.wikipedia statement (the Erasmuslijn article contains zero ref citations); no primary or secondary source corroborates it. The only independently sourced cost figure is the ƒ134M budget authorized by the city council on 14 May 1959 (wederopbouwrotterdam.nl).",
            "sources": [
              {
                "accessedAt": "2026-06-04",
                "archivedUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260312063205/https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erasmuslijn",
                "kind": "wikipedia",
                "quote": "een bedrag van 170 miljoen gulden (ruim 77 miljoen euro) ... voor twintig miljoen gulden (negen miljoen euro) aan bijkomende werken",
                "tier": "tertiary",
                "title": "Erasmuslijn — Wikipedia (NL)",
                "url": "https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erasmuslijn"
              },
              {
                "accessedAt": "2026-06-04",
                "archivedUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20251102185153/https://wederopbouwrotterdam.nl/en/articles/rotterdam-builds-metro",
                "kind": "other",
                "quote": "On 9 February 1968 the Rotterdam metro officially opened, with as very first passengers Princess Beatrix and Prince Claus.",
                "tier": "secondary",
                "title": "Rotterdam builds a metro — Post-war Reconstruction Community Rotterdam",
                "url": "https://wederopbouwrotterdam.nl/en/articles/rotterdam-builds-metro"
              }
            ]
          },
          "geometryRef": "rotterdam-D",
          "id": "rotterdam-d-1968",
          "kind": "initial",
          "label": {
            "en": "First metro in the Netherlands opens: Centraal Station → Zuidplein"
          },
          "notes": "[Date chase 2026-06-12] Construction-start year 1960 is corroborated by two secondary sources; precise first-work dates differ by source (19 Apr 1960 first excavation per NL Wikipedia photo caption; 14 May 1960 'Construction Day'/first sheetpile per wederopbouwrotterdam.nl). No inline citation attaches directly to the 1960 statement in the NL Wikipedia wikitext. [Opening-date chase 2026-06-13] Royal inaugural ceremony (Princess Beatrix and Prince Claus as first passengers) and public service launch coincided on 9 February 1968; no separate revenue-service date is documented.",
          "opened": "1968-02-09",
          "segment": {
            "fromStopIndex": 9,
            "toStopIndex": 16
          },
          "sources": [
            {
              "accessedAt": "2026-06-04",
              "archivedUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260312063205/https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erasmuslijn",
              "kind": "wikipedia",
              "quote": "een bedrag van 170 miljoen gulden (ruim 77 miljoen euro) ... voor twintig miljoen gulden (negen miljoen euro) aan bijkomende werken",
              "tier": "tertiary",
              "title": "Erasmuslijn — Wikipedia (NL)",
              "url": "https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erasmuslijn"
            },
            {
              "accessedAt": "2026-06-04",
              "archivedUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20251102185153/https://wederopbouwrotterdam.nl/en/articles/rotterdam-builds-metro",
              "kind": "other",
              "quote": "On 9 February 1968 the Rotterdam metro officially opened, with as very first passengers Princess Beatrix and Prince Claus.",
              "tier": "secondary",
              "title": "Rotterdam builds a metro — wederopbouwrotterdam.nl",
              "url": "https://wederopbouwrotterdam.nl/en/articles/rotterdam-builds-metro"
            }
          ],
          "stationCount": 5
        },
        {
          "confidence": "low",
          "geometryRef": "rotterdam-D",
          "id": "rotterdam-d-1970",
          "kind": "extension",
          "label": {
            "en": "South extension: Zuidplein → Slinge"
          },
          "opened": "1970-11-25",
          "segment": {
            "fromStopIndex": 8,
            "toStopIndex": 9
          },
          "sources": [
            {
              "accessedAt": "2026-06-04",
              "archivedUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260312063205/https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erasmuslijn",
              "kind": "wikipedia",
              "quote": "op 25 november 1970 naar station Slinge",
              "tier": "tertiary",
              "title": "Erasmuslijn — Wikipedia (NL)",
              "url": "https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erasmuslijn"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "confidence": "low",
          "geometryRef": "rotterdam-D",
          "id": "rotterdam-d-1974",
          "kind": "extension",
          "label": {
            "en": "South to Hoogvliet: Slinge → Zalmplaat (via Rhoon, Poortugaal)"
          },
          "opened": "1974-10-25",
          "segment": {
            "fromStopIndex": 5,
            "toStopIndex": 8
          },
          "sources": [
            {
              "accessedAt": "2026-06-04",
              "archivedUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260312063205/https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erasmuslijn",
              "kind": "wikipedia",
              "quote": "op 25 oktober 1974 naar station Zalmplaat in de deelgemeente Hoogvliet",
              "tier": "tertiary",
              "title": "Erasmuslijn — Wikipedia (NL)",
              "url": "https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erasmuslijn"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "confidence": "low",
          "geometryRef": "rotterdam-D",
          "id": "rotterdam-d-1985",
          "kind": "extension",
          "label": {
            "en": "South to Spijkenisse: Zalmplaat → De Akkers"
          },
          "opened": "1985-04-25",
          "segment": {
            "fromStopIndex": 0,
            "toStopIndex": 5
          },
          "sources": [
            {
              "accessedAt": "2026-06-04",
              "archivedUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260312063205/https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erasmuslijn",
              "kind": "wikipedia",
              "quote": "op 25 april 1985 naar station De Akkers in de gemeente Spijkenisse",
              "tier": "tertiary",
              "title": "Erasmuslijn — Wikipedia (NL)",
              "url": "https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erasmuslijn"
            },
            {
              "accessedAt": "2026-06-04",
              "archivedUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20251125025841/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Akkers_metro_station",
              "kind": "wikipedia",
              "quote": "opened on 25 April 1985 as a terminus of the North-South Line",
              "tier": "tertiary",
              "title": "De Akkers metro station — Wikipedia",
              "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Akkers_metro_station"
            }
          ],
          "stationCount": 3
        }
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "accessedAt": "2026-06-04",
          "archivedUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260312063205/https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erasmuslijn",
          "kind": "wikipedia",
          "title": "Erasmuslijn — Wikipedia (NL)",
          "url": "https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erasmuslijn"
        },
        {
          "accessedAt": "2026-06-04",
          "archivedUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260501212325/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotterdam_Metro",
          "kind": "wikipedia",
          "title": "Rotterdam Metro — Wikipedia",
          "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotterdam_Metro"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cityId": "rotterdam",
      "color": "#00AA50",
      "displayNumber": "A",
      "id": "rotterdam-line-A",
      "name": {
        "en": "Line A (former Oost-Westlijn / Calandlijn)"
      },
      "phases": [
        {
          "confidence": "medium",
          "geometryRef": "rotterdam-A",
          "id": "rotterdam-a-1982",
          "kind": "initial",
          "label": {
            "en": "East–West Line opens (shared trunk): Capelsebrug → Coolhaven"
          },
          "notes": "[Opening-date chase 2026-06-13] NL Lijn A infobox shows an uncited '10 mei 1982' inconsistent with all body-text sources (6 May 1982); treated as likely error.",
          "opened": "1982-05-06",
          "segment": {
            "fromStopIndex": 7,
            "toStopIndex": 16
          },
          "sources": [
            {
              "accessedAt": "2026-06-04",
              "archivedUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20251211225859/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotterdam_Metro_line_A",
              "kind": "wikipedia",
              "quote": "On 6 May 1982, the second metro line in Rotterdam was opened between Capelsebrug and Coolhaven, then called the East–West Line",
              "tier": "secondary",
              "title": "Rotterdam Metro line A — Wikipedia",
              "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotterdam_Metro_line_A"
            },
            {
              "accessedAt": "2026-06-04",
              "archivedUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260501212325/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotterdam_Metro",
              "kind": "wikipedia",
              "quote": "In 1982 a second line was opened, the Oost – Westlijn (lit. 'East – West line'), running between Capelsebrug and Coolhaven stations.",
              "tier": "secondary",
              "title": "Rotterdam Metro — Wikipedia",
              "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotterdam_Metro"
            },
            {
              "accessedAt": "2026-06-13",
              "archivedUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20251119122041/https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calandlijn",
              "kind": "other",
              "publisher": "Wikipedia (Dutch)",
              "quote": "Op 6 mei 1982 werd uiteindelijk het eerste deel van de lijn in gebruik genomen tussen de stations Coolhaven en Capelsebrug.",
              "tier": "secondary",
              "title": "Calandlijn — Wikipedia (Dutch)",
              "url": "https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calandlijn",
              "via": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotterdam_Metro_line_A"
            },
            {
              "accessedAt": "2026-06-13",
              "archivedUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260121230636/https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lijn_A_(metro_van_Rotterdam)",
              "kind": "other",
              "publisher": "Wikipedia (Dutch)",
              "quote": "Op 6 mei 1982 werd de tweede metrolijn van Rotterdam geopend tussen Capelsebrug en Coolhaven, toen Oost-Westlijn genaamd.",
              "tier": "secondary",
              "title": "Lijn A (metro van Rotterdam) — Wikipedia (Dutch)",
              "url": "https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lijn_A_(metro_van_Rotterdam)",
              "via": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotterdam_Metro_line_A"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "confidence": "medium",
          "geometryRef": "rotterdam-A",
          "id": "rotterdam-a-1983",
          "kind": "extension",
          "label": {
            "en": "Northeast branch: Capelsebrug → Binnenhof (Ommoord). Day disputed (27 vs 28 May 1983); year firm."
          },
          "opened": "1983-05-27",
          "segment": {
            "fromStopIndex": 0,
            "toStopIndex": 7
          },
          "sources": [
            {
              "accessedAt": "2026-06-04",
              "archivedUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20251211225859/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotterdam_Metro_line_A",
              "kind": "wikipedia",
              "quote": "On 27 May 1983, the line was extended as a light rail to its current terminus Binnenhof",
              "tier": "secondary",
              "title": "Rotterdam Metro line A — Wikipedia",
              "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotterdam_Metro_line_A"
            },
            {
              "accessedAt": "2026-06-04",
              "archivedUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260212043551/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binnenhof%5Fmetro%5Fstation",
              "kind": "wikipedia",
              "quote": "This station was opened on 28 May 1983 when the East-West Line or Calandlijn was extended from its previous terminus Capelsebrug.",
              "tier": "secondary",
              "title": "Binnenhof metro station — Wikipedia",
              "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binnenhof_metro_station"
            },
            {
              "accessedAt": "2026-06-13",
              "archivedUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20251119122041/https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calandlijn",
              "kind": "other",
              "publisher": "Wikipedia (Dutch)",
              "quote": "Op 27 mei 1983 werd de sneltram naar Ommoord opgeleverd. … Op 27 mei 1983 volgde de verlenging naar station Binnenhof in de wijk Ommoord.",
              "tier": "secondary",
              "title": "Calandlijn — Wikipedia (Dutch)",
              "url": "https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calandlijn",
              "via": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotterdam_Metro_line_A"
            },
            {
              "accessedAt": "2026-06-13",
              "archivedUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260121230636/https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lijn_A_(metro_van_Rotterdam)",
              "kind": "other",
              "publisher": "Wikipedia (Dutch)",
              "quote": "Op 27 mei 1983 werd de lijn als sneltram doorgetrokken tot het huidige eindpunt Binnenhof in de wijk Ommoord.",
              "tier": "secondary",
              "title": "Lijn A (metro van Rotterdam) — Wikipedia (Dutch)",
              "url": "https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lijn_A_(metro_van_Rotterdam)",
              "via": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotterdam_Metro_line_A"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "confidence": "medium",
          "geometryRef": "rotterdam-A",
          "id": "rotterdam-a-1986",
          "kind": "extension",
          "label": {
            "en": "West extension: Coolhaven → Marconiplein"
          },
          "opened": "1986-04-25",
          "segment": {
            "fromStopIndex": 16,
            "toStopIndex": 17
          },
          "sources": [
            {
              "accessedAt": "2026-06-04",
              "archivedUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20251211225859/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotterdam_Metro_line_A",
              "kind": "wikipedia",
              "quote": "On 25 April 1986, the line was extended westward to Marconiplein station.",
              "tier": "secondary",
              "title": "Rotterdam Metro line A — Wikipedia",
              "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotterdam_Metro_line_A"
            },
            {
              "accessedAt": "2026-06-13",
              "archivedUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20251119122041/https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calandlijn",
              "kind": "other",
              "publisher": "Wikipedia (Dutch)",
              "quote": "De Calandlijn kreeg op 25 april 1986 een ondergrondse verlenging van de Coolhaven naar het Marconiplein.",
              "tier": "secondary",
              "title": "Calandlijn — Wikipedia (Dutch)",
              "url": "https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calandlijn",
              "via": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotterdam_Metro_line_A"
            },
            {
              "accessedAt": "2026-06-13",
              "archivedUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260121230636/https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lijn_A_(metro_van_Rotterdam)",
              "kind": "other",
              "publisher": "Wikipedia (Dutch)",
              "quote": "Op 25 april 1986 werd de lijn in westelijke richting verlengd naar station Marconiplein.",
              "tier": "secondary",
              "title": "Lijn A (metro van Rotterdam) — Wikipedia (Dutch)",
              "url": "https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lijn_A_(metro_van_Rotterdam)",
              "via": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotterdam_Metro_line_A"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "confidence": "medium",
          "geometryRef": "rotterdam-A",
          "id": "rotterdam-a-2002",
          "kind": "extension",
          "label": {
            "en": "West via Beneluxlijn: Marconiplein → Schiedam Centrum"
          },
          "opened": "2002-11-04",
          "segment": {
            "fromStopIndex": 17,
            "toStopIndex": 19
          },
          "sources": [
            {
              "accessedAt": "2026-06-04",
              "archivedUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20251211225859/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotterdam_Metro_line_A",
              "kind": "wikipedia",
              "quote": "a westward extension from Marconiplein followed on 4 November 2002, connecting via Schiedam and Pernis to the new Tussenwater station",
              "tier": "secondary",
              "title": "Rotterdam Metro line A — Wikipedia",
              "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotterdam_Metro_line_A"
            },
            {
              "accessedAt": "2026-06-13",
              "archivedUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20251119122041/https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calandlijn",
              "kind": "other",
              "publisher": "Wikipedia (Dutch)",
              "quote": "Sinds 4 november 2002 is de Calandlijn in het westen verlengd vanaf het Marconiplein via Schiedam, de Beneluxtunnel en Pernis naar Hoogvliet.",
              "tier": "secondary",
              "title": "Calandlijn — Wikipedia (Dutch)",
              "url": "https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calandlijn",
              "via": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotterdam_Metro_line_A"
            },
            {
              "accessedAt": "2026-06-13",
              "archivedUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260211120535/https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beneluxlijn",
              "kind": "other",
              "publisher": "Wikipedia (Dutch)",
              "quote": "Sinds de opening op 4 november 2002 maakt het traject deel uit van de Calandlijn.",
              "tier": "secondary",
              "title": "Beneluxlijn — Wikipedia (Dutch)",
              "url": "https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beneluxlijn",
              "via": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotterdam_Metro_line_A"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "accessedAt": "2026-06-04",
          "archivedUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20251211225859/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotterdam_Metro_line_A",
          "kind": "wikipedia",
          "title": "Rotterdam Metro line A — Wikipedia",
          "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotterdam_Metro_line_A"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cityId": "rotterdam",
      "color": "#EF1F1F",
      "displayNumber": "C",
      "id": "rotterdam-line-C",
      "name": {
        "en": "Line C (former Calandlijn red branch)"
      },
      "phases": [
        {
          "confidence": "medium",
          "constructionStart": "1973",
          "geometryRef": "rotterdam-C",
          "id": "rotterdam-c-1982",
          "kind": "initial",
          "label": {
            "en": "East–West Line opens (shared trunk): Coolhaven → Capelsebrug"
          },
          "notes": "[Date chase 2026-06-12] Construction-start year (1973) is supported by the Calandlijn article's narrative, which explicitly separates 1972 preparatory works from 1973 actual construction. The statement carries no inline external citation; confidence rests on Wikipedia editorial narrative. [Opening-date chase 2026-06-13] Opening day uncertain at day granularity: Calandlijn 6 mei, Coolhaven station 10 mei, Capelsebrug station 27 mei 1982. Year firm.",
          "opened": "1982-05-06",
          "segment": {
            "fromStopIndex": 13,
            "toStopIndex": 22
          },
          "sources": [
            {
              "accessedAt": "2026-06-04",
              "archivedUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20251119122041/https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calandlijn",
              "kind": "wikipedia",
              "quote": "Op 6 mei 1982 werd uiteindelijk het eerste deel van de lijn in gebruik genomen tussen de stations Coolhaven en Capelsebrug.",
              "tier": "tertiary",
              "title": "Calandlijn — Wikipedia (NL)",
              "url": "https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calandlijn"
            },
            {
              "accessedAt": "2026-06-13",
              "archivedUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20251205062958/https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coolhaven_(metrostation)",
              "kind": "other",
              "publisher": "Wikipedia (NL)",
              "quote": "Het station werd geopend op 10 mei 1982",
              "tier": "tertiary",
              "title": "Coolhaven (metrostation) — Wikipedia (NL)",
              "url": "https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coolhaven_(metrostation)",
              "via": "https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calandlijn"
            },
            {
              "accessedAt": "2026-06-13",
              "archivedUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250713030603/https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capelsebrug_(metrostation)",
              "kind": "other",
              "publisher": "Wikipedia (NL)",
              "quote": "Opening: 27 mei 1982",
              "tier": "tertiary",
              "title": "Capelsebrug (metrostation) — Wikipedia (NL)",
              "url": "https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capelsebrug_(metrostation)",
              "via": "https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calandlijn"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "confidence": "medium",
          "geometryRef": "rotterdam-C",
          "id": "rotterdam-c-1986",
          "kind": "extension",
          "label": {
            "en": "West extension: Coolhaven → Marconiplein"
          },
          "opened": "1986-04-25",
          "segment": {
            "fromStopIndex": 12,
            "toStopIndex": 13
          },
          "sources": [
            {
              "accessedAt": "2026-06-04",
              "archivedUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20251119122041/https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calandlijn",
              "kind": "wikipedia",
              "quote": "De Calandlijn kreeg op 25 april 1986 een ondergrondse verlenging van de Coolhaven naar het Marconiplein.",
              "tier": "tertiary",
              "title": "Calandlijn — Wikipedia (NL)",
              "url": "https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calandlijn"
            },
            {
              "accessedAt": "2026-06-13",
              "archivedUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260110154038/https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marconiplein_(metrostation)",
              "kind": "other",
              "publisher": "Wikipedia (NL)",
              "quote": "Het metrostation Marconiplein werd geopend op 25 april 1986",
              "tier": "tertiary",
              "title": "Marconiplein (metrostation) — Wikipedia (NL)",
              "url": "https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marconiplein_(metrostation)",
              "via": "https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calandlijn"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "confidence": "medium",
          "geometryRef": "rotterdam-C",
          "id": "rotterdam-c-1994",
          "kind": "extension",
          "label": {
            "en": "Northeast viaduct branch: Capelsebrug → De Terp (Capelle a/d IJssel). Day disputed (26 vs 29 May 1994); year firm."
          },
          "opened": "1994-05-29",
          "segment": {
            "fromStopIndex": 22,
            "toStopIndex": 25
          },
          "sources": [
            {
              "accessedAt": "2026-06-04",
              "archivedUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20251119122041/https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calandlijn",
              "kind": "wikipedia",
              "quote": "Sinds 29 mei 1994 is er een aftakking op een viaduct van de Capelsebrug naar Capelle aan den IJssel.",
              "tier": "tertiary",
              "title": "Calandlijn — Wikipedia (NL)",
              "url": "https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calandlijn"
            },
            {
              "accessedAt": "2026-06-04",
              "archivedUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260124154805/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Terp_metro_station",
              "kind": "wikipedia",
              "quote": "The station was opened on 26 May 1994 as part of the extension of the East-West Line or Caland Line from Capelsebrug station.",
              "tier": "tertiary",
              "title": "De Terp metro station — Wikipedia",
              "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Terp_metro_station"
            },
            {
              "accessedAt": "2026-06-13",
              "archivedUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260312122204/https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Terp_(metrostation)",
              "kind": "other",
              "publisher": "Wikipedia (NL)",
              "quote": "Station De Terp werd geopend op 26 mei 1994.",
              "tier": "tertiary",
              "title": "De Terp (metrostation) — Wikipedia (NL)",
              "url": "https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Terp_(metrostation)",
              "via": "https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calandlijn"
            }
          ],
          "stationCount": 3
        },
        {
          "confidence": "medium",
          "constructionStart": "1996",
          "cost": {
            "basis": "estimate",
            "confidence": "low",
            "nominal": {
              "currency": "EUR",
              "isEstimate": true,
              "value": 724000000,
              "year": 2002
            },
            "notes": "Beneluxlijn project estimated €724M (national government funded 95%); the actual outturn was reported ~€60M lower (~€664M). The precise €724M figure was flagged by adversarial verification (estimate vs outturn conflict) — marked estimate. See research.json.",
            "sources": [
              {
                "accessedAt": "2026-06-04",
                "archivedUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260211120535/https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beneluxlijn",
                "kind": "wikipedia",
                "quote": "In datzelfde jaar begonnen de voorbereidende werkzaamheden, een jaar later startte de daadwerkelijke bouw van de lijn.",
                "tier": "tertiary",
                "title": "Beneluxlijn — Wikipedia (NL)",
                "url": "https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beneluxlijn"
              }
            ]
          },
          "geometryRef": "rotterdam-C",
          "id": "rotterdam-c-2002",
          "kind": "extension",
          "label": {
            "en": "Beneluxlijn opens: Marconiplein → Schiedam → Spijkenisse / De Akkers"
          },
          "notes": "[Date chase 2026-06-12] 1996 construction start derived from Beneluxlijn article: planning/preparatory works in 1995, actual construction 'a year later' (1996). No inline external citation backs the statement; rests on Wikipedia editorial narrative. The Beneluxlijn source is already attached to this phase in the curated file.",
          "opened": "2002-11-04",
          "segment": {
            "fromStopIndex": 0,
            "toStopIndex": 12
          },
          "sources": [
            {
              "accessedAt": "2026-06-04",
              "archivedUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20251119122041/https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calandlijn",
              "kind": "wikipedia",
              "quote": "Sinds 4 november 2002 is de Calandlijn in het westen verlengd vanaf het Marconiplein via Schiedam, de Beneluxtunnel en Pernis naar Hoogvliet, en rijdt deze over de Erasmuslijn door naar Spijkenisse.",
              "tier": "tertiary",
              "title": "Calandlijn — Wikipedia (NL)",
              "url": "https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calandlijn"
            },
            {
              "accessedAt": "2026-06-04",
              "archivedUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260211120535/https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beneluxlijn",
              "kind": "wikipedia",
              "quote": "In datzelfde jaar begonnen de voorbereidende werkzaamheden, een jaar later startte de daadwerkelijke bouw van de lijn.",
              "tier": "tertiary",
              "title": "Beneluxlijn — Wikipedia (NL)",
              "url": "https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beneluxlijn"
            },
            {
              "accessedAt": "2026-06-13",
              "archivedUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260501212325/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotterdam_Metro",
              "kind": "other",
              "publisher": "Wikipedia (EN)",
              "quote": "On 4 November 2002 an extension through the city of Schiedam towards Spijkenisse was opened.",
              "tier": "tertiary",
              "title": "Rotterdam Metro — Wikipedia (EN)",
              "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotterdam_Metro",
              "via": "https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calandlijn"
            }
          ],
          "stationCount": 6
        }
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "accessedAt": "2026-06-04",
          "archivedUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20251119122041/https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calandlijn",
          "kind": "wikipedia",
          "title": "Calandlijn — Wikipedia (NL)",
          "url": "https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calandlijn"
        },
        {
          "accessedAt": "2026-06-04",
          "archivedUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260203003745/https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lijn_C_(metro_van_Rotterdam)",
          "kind": "wikipedia",
          "title": "Lijn C (metro van Rotterdam) — Wikipedia (NL)",
          "url": "https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lijn_C_(metro_van_Rotterdam)"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cityId": "rotterdam",
      "color": "#FFD301",
      "displayNumber": "B",
      "id": "rotterdam-line-B",
      "name": {
        "en": "Line B (former Calandlijn; longest metro line in the Benelux)"
      },
      "phases": [
        {
          "confidence": "medium",
          "geometryRef": "rotterdam-B",
          "id": "rotterdam-b-1982",
          "kind": "initial",
          "label": {
            "en": "East–West Line opens (shared trunk): Capelsebrug → Coolhaven"
          },
          "opened": "1982-05-06",
          "segment": {
            "fromStopIndex": 10,
            "toStopIndex": 19
          },
          "sources": [
            {
              "accessedAt": "2026-06-04",
              "archivedUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260129181651/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotterdam_Metro_line_B",
              "kind": "wikipedia",
              "quote": "Opened 6 May 1982; 44 years ago (1982-05-06) (Capelsebrug to Coolhaven)",
              "tier": "tertiary",
              "title": "Rotterdam Metro line B — Wikipedia",
              "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotterdam_Metro_line_B"
            },
            {
              "accessedAt": "2026-06-13",
              "archivedUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20251211225859/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotterdam_Metro_line_A",
              "kind": "other",
              "publisher": "Wikipedia (en)",
              "quote": "On 6 May 1982, the second metro line in Rotterdam was opened between Capelsebrug and Coolhaven.",
              "tier": "tertiary",
              "title": "Rotterdam Metro line A — Wikipedia",
              "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotterdam_Metro_line_A",
              "via": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotterdam_Metro_line_B"
            },
            {
              "accessedAt": "2026-06-13",
              "archivedUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20251119122041/https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calandlijn",
              "kind": "other",
              "publisher": "Wikipedia (nl)",
              "quote": "Op 6 mei 1982 werd uiteindelijk het eerste deel van de lijn in gebruik genomen tussen de stations Coolhaven en Capelsebrug.",
              "tier": "tertiary",
              "title": "Calandlijn — Wikipedia (nl)",
              "url": "https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calandlijn",
              "via": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotterdam_Metro_line_B"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "confidence": "medium",
          "geometryRef": "rotterdam-B",
          "id": "rotterdam-b-1984",
          "kind": "extension",
          "label": {
            "en": "Northeast branch: Capelsebrug → De Tochten (Zevenkamp)"
          },
          "opened": "1984-04-24",
          "segment": {
            "fromStopIndex": 1,
            "toStopIndex": 10
          },
          "sources": [
            {
              "accessedAt": "2026-06-04",
              "archivedUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260129181651/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotterdam_Metro_line_B",
              "kind": "wikipedia",
              "quote": "On 24 April 1984, the East–West Line...was expanded with a branch from Graskruid to De Tochten in the Zevenkamp district.",
              "tier": "tertiary",
              "title": "Rotterdam Metro line B — Wikipedia",
              "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotterdam_Metro_line_B"
            },
            {
              "accessedAt": "2026-06-13",
              "archivedUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20251119122041/https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calandlijn",
              "kind": "other",
              "publisher": "Wikipedia (nl)",
              "quote": "Een aftakking van de sneltram naar Zevenkamp werd op 24 april 1984 in gebruik genomen.",
              "tier": "tertiary",
              "title": "Calandlijn — Wikipedia (nl)",
              "url": "https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calandlijn",
              "via": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotterdam_Metro_line_B"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "confidence": "medium",
          "geometryRef": "rotterdam-B",
          "id": "rotterdam-b-1986",
          "kind": "extension",
          "label": {
            "en": "West extension: Coolhaven → Marconiplein"
          },
          "opened": "1986-04-25",
          "segment": {
            "fromStopIndex": 19,
            "toStopIndex": 20
          },
          "sources": [
            {
              "accessedAt": "2026-06-04",
              "archivedUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260129181651/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotterdam_Metro_line_B",
              "kind": "wikipedia",
              "quote": "On 25 April 1986, the line was extended westward to Marconiplein.",
              "tier": "tertiary",
              "title": "Rotterdam Metro line B — Wikipedia",
              "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotterdam_Metro_line_B"
            },
            {
              "accessedAt": "2026-06-13",
              "archivedUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20251119122041/https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calandlijn",
              "kind": "other",
              "publisher": "Wikipedia (nl)",
              "quote": "De Calandlijn kreeg op 25 april 1986 een ondergrondse verlenging van de Coolhaven naar het Marconiplein.",
              "tier": "tertiary",
              "title": "Calandlijn — Wikipedia (nl)",
              "url": "https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calandlijn",
              "via": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotterdam_Metro_line_B"
            },
            {
              "accessedAt": "2026-06-13",
              "archivedUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260312012016/https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lijn_B_(metro_van_Rotterdam)",
              "kind": "other",
              "publisher": "Wikipedia (nl)",
              "quote": "25 april 1986: Coolhaven - Marconiplein",
              "tier": "tertiary",
              "title": "Lijn B (metro van Rotterdam) — Wikipedia (nl)",
              "url": "https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lijn_B_(metro_van_Rotterdam)",
              "via": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotterdam_Metro_line_B"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "confidence": "medium",
          "geometryRef": "rotterdam-B",
          "id": "rotterdam-b-2002",
          "kind": "extension",
          "label": {
            "en": "Beneluxlijn west: Marconiplein → Schiedam Centrum"
          },
          "opened": "2002-11-04",
          "segment": {
            "fromStopIndex": 20,
            "toStopIndex": 22
          },
          "sources": [
            {
              "accessedAt": "2026-06-04",
              "archivedUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260129181651/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotterdam_Metro_line_B",
              "kind": "wikipedia",
              "quote": "a westward extension from Marconiplein followed on 4 November 2002, connecting via Schiedam and Pernis to the new Tussenwater station",
              "tier": "tertiary",
              "title": "Rotterdam Metro line B — Wikipedia",
              "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotterdam_Metro_line_B"
            },
            {
              "accessedAt": "2026-06-13",
              "archivedUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260312012016/https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lijn_B_(metro_van_Rotterdam)",
              "kind": "other",
              "publisher": "Wikipedia (nl)",
              "quote": "4 november 2002: Marconiplein - Schiedam Centrum",
              "tier": "tertiary",
              "title": "Lijn B (metro van Rotterdam) — Wikipedia (nl)",
              "url": "https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lijn_B_(metro_van_Rotterdam)",
              "via": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotterdam_Metro_line_B"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "confidence": "medium",
          "geometryRef": "rotterdam-B",
          "id": "rotterdam-b-2005",
          "kind": "extension",
          "label": {
            "en": "Northeast terminus: De Tochten → Nesselande"
          },
          "opened": "2005-08-29",
          "segment": {
            "fromStopIndex": 0,
            "toStopIndex": 1
          },
          "sources": [
            {
              "accessedAt": "2026-06-04",
              "archivedUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260129181651/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotterdam_Metro_line_B",
              "kind": "wikipedia",
              "quote": "Since 29 August 2005, when the line was extended by one station from De Tochten to Nesselande...",
              "tier": "tertiary",
              "title": "Rotterdam Metro line B — Wikipedia",
              "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotterdam_Metro_line_B"
            },
            {
              "accessedAt": "2026-06-13",
              "archivedUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260312012016/https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lijn_B_(metro_van_Rotterdam)",
              "kind": "other",
              "publisher": "Wikipedia (nl)",
              "quote": "29 augustus 2005: De Tochten - Nesselande",
              "tier": "tertiary",
              "title": "Lijn B (metro van Rotterdam) — Wikipedia (nl)",
              "url": "https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lijn_B_(metro_van_Rotterdam)",
              "via": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotterdam_Metro_line_B"
            }
          ],
          "stationCount": 1
        },
        {
          "confidence": "high",
          "constructionStart": "2017",
          "cost": {
            "basis": "outturn",
            "confidence": "medium",
            "nominal": {
              "currency": "EUR",
              "isEstimate": false,
              "value": 462000000,
              "year": 2019
            },
            "notes": "Hoekse Lijn rail-to-metro conversion (Schiedam–Hoek van Holland). Initial estimate €370M; final €462M, an overrun of >€90M (polluted soil, asbestos). Firm figure (Railway PRO + Wikipedia). [Citation chase 2026-06-11] The €462M figure is the actual final (outturn) cost reported at the September 2019 inauguration, not a forecast. Only one strong source (Railway PRO) states the full €370M→€462M breakdown; the Wikipedia statement is uncited and confirms only the ~€90M overrun, so corroboration is partial.",
            "sources": [
              {
                "accessedAt": "2026-06-04",
                "archivedUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240329180709/https://www.railwaypro.com/wp/rotterdam-opens-the-last-extension-of-line-b/",
                "kind": "news",
                "quote": "The initial costs for the conversion project were estimated at EUR 370 million... Thus, the costs have increased by more than EUR 90 million to a total value of EUR 462 million.",
                "tier": "secondary",
                "title": "Rotterdam Line B metro extension inaugurated — Railway PRO",
                "url": "https://www.railwaypro.com/wp/rotterdam-opens-the-last-extension-of-line-b/"
              },
              {
                "accessedAt": "2026-06-04",
                "archivedUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260129181651/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotterdam_Metro_line_B",
                "kind": "wikipedia",
                "quote": "Construction costs also exceeded the budget by 90 million euros.",
                "tier": "tertiary",
                "title": "Rotterdam Metro line B — Wikipedia",
                "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotterdam_Metro_line_B"
              }
            ]
          },
          "geometryRef": "rotterdam-B",
          "id": "rotterdam-b-2019",
          "kind": "extension",
          "label": {
            "en": "Hoekse Lijn metro conversion: Schiedam Centrum → Hoek van Holland Haven"
          },
          "notes": "[Date chase 2026-06-12] Dutch Wikipedia (Hoekse Lijn) states conversion began April 2017 ('Bij de start van de verbouwing in april 2017'); railway service ended 31 March 2017 per Urban Transport Magazine, confirming the 2017 construction-start year. [Opening-date chase 2026-06-13] 28 Sep 2019 was a free 'open day' on a partial route (Schiedam Nieuwland–Hoek van Holland Haven); first scheduled revenue service ran 30 Sep 2019 at ~05:30. This was the line's successful reopening after five failed attempts.",
          "opened": "2019-09-30",
          "segment": {
            "fromStopIndex": 22,
            "toStopIndex": 30
          },
          "sources": [
            {
              "accessedAt": "2026-06-04",
              "archivedUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260129181651/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotterdam_Metro_line_B",
              "kind": "wikipedia",
              "quote": "Construction costs also exceeded the budget by 90 million euros.",
              "tier": "tertiary",
              "title": "Rotterdam Metro line B — Wikipedia",
              "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotterdam_Metro_line_B"
            },
            {
              "accessedAt": "2026-06-04",
              "archivedUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260207011719/https://www.urban-transport-magazine.com/en/railway-becomes-metro-rotterdams-hoek-van-holland-line/",
              "kind": "news",
              "title": "Railway becomes metro: Rotterdam's Hoek van Holland line — Urban Transport Magazine",
              "url": "https://www.urban-transport-magazine.com/en/railway-becomes-metro-rotterdams-hoek-van-holland-line/"
            },
            {
              "accessedAt": "2026-06-12",
              "archivedUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260311140836/https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoekse_Lijn",
              "kind": "other",
              "publisher": "Wikipedia",
              "quote": "Bij de start van de verbouwing in april 2017 werd uitgegaan van een heropening na vijf maanden.",
              "tier": "secondary",
              "title": "Hoekse Lijn — Wikipedia (nl)",
              "url": "https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoekse_Lijn",
              "via": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotterdam_Metro_line_B"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "confidence": "high",
          "geometryRef": "rotterdam-B",
          "id": "rotterdam-b-2023",
          "kind": "extension",
          "label": {
            "en": "Metro aan Zee: Hoek van Holland Haven → Hoek van Holland Strand"
          },
          "opened": "2023-03-31",
          "segment": {
            "fromStopIndex": 30,
            "toStopIndex": 31
          },
          "sources": [
            {
              "accessedAt": "2026-06-04",
              "archivedUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260129181651/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotterdam_Metro_line_B",
              "kind": "wikipedia",
              "quote": "Metro aan Zee is the name for the final part of the extension of Line B...It was opened on 31 March 2023.",
              "tier": "tertiary",
              "title": "Rotterdam Metro line B — Wikipedia",
              "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotterdam_Metro_line_B"
            },
            {
              "accessedAt": "2026-06-04",
              "archivedUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240329180709/https://www.railwaypro.com/wp/rotterdam-opens-the-last-extension-of-line-b/",
              "kind": "news",
              "quote": "the latest extension (the 1.2 km stretch to Hoek van Holland Strand) entering service on March 31, 2023",
              "tier": "secondary",
              "title": "Rotterdam Line B metro extension inaugurated — Railway PRO",
              "url": "https://www.railwaypro.com/wp/rotterdam-opens-the-last-extension-of-line-b/"
            },
            {
              "accessedAt": "2026-06-13",
              "archivedUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260312012016/https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lijn_B_(metro_van_Rotterdam)",
              "kind": "other",
              "publisher": "Wikipedia (nl)",
              "quote": "31 maart 2023: Hoek van Holland Haven - Hoek van Holland Strand [...] Op 31 maart 2023 werd die in gebruik genomen.",
              "tier": "tertiary",
              "title": "Lijn B (metro van Rotterdam) — Wikipedia (nl)",
              "url": "https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lijn_B_(metro_van_Rotterdam)",
              "via": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotterdam_Metro_line_B"
            },
            {
              "accessedAt": "2026-06-13",
              "archivedUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260311140836/https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoekse_Lijn",
              "kind": "other",
              "publisher": "Wikipedia (nl)",
              "quote": "Hoek van Holland Haven - Hoek van Holland Strand: 31 maart 2023 [...] In 2023 is de metrolijn volledig opengesteld, van station Schiedam Centrum tot Hoek van Holland Strand.",
              "tier": "secondary",
              "title": "Hoekse Lijn — Wikipedia (nl)",
              "url": "https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoekse_Lijn",
              "via": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotterdam_Metro_line_B"
            }
          ],
          "stationCount": 1
        }
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "accessedAt": "2026-06-04",
          "archivedUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260129181651/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotterdam_Metro_line_B",
          "kind": "wikipedia",
          "title": "Rotterdam Metro line B — Wikipedia",
          "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotterdam_Metro_line_B"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cityId": "rotterdam",
      "color": "#1A389A",
      "displayNumber": "E",
      "id": "rotterdam-line-E",
      "name": {
        "en": "Line E (RandstadRail, to Den Haag Centraal)"
      },
      "phases": [
        {
          "confidence": "medium",
          "geometryRef": "rotterdam-E",
          "id": "rotterdam-e-2006",
          "kind": "initial",
          "label": {
            "en": "RandstadRail opens (Hofpleinlijn conversion): Den Haag Centraal → Rotterdam (temp. Hofplein terminus)"
          },
          "notes": "[Opening-date chase 2026-06-13] Partial-then-full: Hofplein-Nootdorp segment opened 10 Sept 2006; full route to Den Haag Centraal (the curated date) opened 11 Nov 2006.",
          "opened": "2006-11-11",
          "segment": {
            "fromStopIndex": 0,
            "toStopIndex": 13
          },
          "sources": [
            {
              "accessedAt": "2026-06-04",
              "archivedUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260529095525/https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lijn_E_(metro_van_Rotterdam)",
              "kind": "wikipedia",
              "quote": "11 november 2006: Den Haag Centraal - Nootdorp",
              "tier": "tertiary",
              "title": "Lijn E (metro van Rotterdam) — Wikipedia (NL)",
              "url": "https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lijn_E_(metro_van_Rotterdam)"
            },
            {
              "accessedAt": "2026-06-04",
              "archivedUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260521101856/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RandstadRail",
              "kind": "wikipedia",
              "quote": "In November 2006, the line was extended to The Hague.",
              "tier": "tertiary",
              "title": "RandstadRail — Wikipedia",
              "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RandstadRail"
            },
            {
              "accessedAt": "2026-06-13",
              "archivedUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260528154807/https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/RandstadRail",
              "kind": "other",
              "publisher": "Wikipedia (NL)",
              "quote": "Op 11 november ging metrolijn E rijden op het traject Rotterdam Hofplein - Den Haag Centraal.",
              "tier": "tertiary",
              "title": "RandstadRail — Wikipedia (NL)",
              "url": "https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/RandstadRail",
              "via": "https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lijn_E_(metro_van_Rotterdam)"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "confidence": "medium",
          "constructionStart": "2003",
          "geometryRef": "rotterdam-E",
          "id": "rotterdam-e-2010",
          "kind": "extension",
          "label": {
            "en": "Statenwegtracé bored tunnel: Melanchthonweg → Rotterdam Centraal (via new Blijdorp); replaces Hofplein terminus"
          },
          "notes": "[Date chase 2026-06-12] Construction-start year (2003) for the Statenwegtracé bored tunnel rests on the Dutch Wikipedia Statenwegtracé article, which states it without an inline citation; the underlying RET and RandstadRail.nl primary sources are dead/offline. Chronologically consistent with TBM completion of the two tubes in 2007 and 2008. [Opening-date chase 2026-06-13] First (single) tunnel bore opened 17 Aug 2010; the second tunnel tube followed 22 Aug 2011. The cited RET press release URL is now a dead link.",
          "opened": "2010-08-17",
          "segment": {
            "fromStopIndex": 13,
            "toStopIndex": 15
          },
          "sources": [
            {
              "accessedAt": "2026-06-04",
              "archivedUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260113112035/https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statenwegtrac%C3%A9",
              "kind": "wikipedia",
              "quote": "Uiteindelijk is de bouw van deze tunnel in 2003 begonnen met de inzet van één tunnelboormachine. ... per 17 augustus 2010 de verbinding, inclusief het nieuwe station metrostation Blijdorp in gebruik genomen ... De tweede tunnelbuis volgde een jaar later, op 22 augustus 2011.",
              "tier": "tertiary",
              "title": "Statenwegtracé — Wikipedia (NL)",
              "url": "https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statenwegtrac%C3%A9"
            },
            {
              "accessedAt": "2026-06-04",
              "archivedUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250911012136/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotterdam_Metro_line_E",
              "kind": "wikipedia",
              "quote": "On 17 August 2010, however, a new tunnel opened, which connected the metro station at Rotterdam Centraal ... via a new tunnel and new Blijdorp station with the existing tracks.",
              "tier": "tertiary",
              "title": "Rotterdam Metro line E — Wikipedia",
              "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotterdam_Metro_line_E"
            },
            {
              "accessedAt": "2026-06-13",
              "archivedUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20111002214842/http://www.ret.nl/over-ret/nieuws-en-pers/opening-metrolijn-e-randstad-rail.aspx",
              "kind": "primary",
              "publisher": "RET (Rotterdamse Elektrische Tram)",
              "quote": "Metrolijn E sluit aan op Rotterdam Centraal (RET, 16 juli 2010) [cited in Statenwegtracé article as footnote for 17 August 2010 opening]",
              "tier": "primary",
              "title": "Metrolijn E sluit aan op Rotterdam Centraal — RET persbericht (16 juli 2010)",
              "url": "http://www.ret.nl/over-ret/nieuws-en-pers/opening-metrolijn-e-randstad-rail.aspx",
              "via": "https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statenwegtrac%C3%A9"
            }
          ],
          "stationCount": 1
        },
        {
          "confidence": "medium",
          "geometryRef": "rotterdam-E",
          "id": "rotterdam-e-2011",
          "kind": "extension",
          "label": {
            "en": "South into the metro core: Rotterdam Centraal → Slinge (through-running with Line D)"
          },
          "opened": "2011-12-11",
          "segment": {
            "fromStopIndex": 15,
            "toStopIndex": 22
          },
          "sources": [
            {
              "accessedAt": "2026-06-04",
              "archivedUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260529095525/https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lijn_E_(metro_van_Rotterdam)",
              "kind": "wikipedia",
              "quote": "11 december 2011: Rotterdam Centraal - Slinge",
              "tier": "tertiary",
              "title": "Lijn E (metro van Rotterdam) — Wikipedia (NL)",
              "url": "https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lijn_E_(metro_van_Rotterdam)"
            },
            {
              "accessedAt": "2026-06-04",
              "archivedUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250911012136/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotterdam_Metro_line_E",
              "kind": "wikipedia",
              "quote": "Since the completion of this project in December 2011, all trains coming from Den Haag Centraal terminate at Slinge.",
              "tier": "tertiary",
              "title": "Rotterdam Metro line E — Wikipedia",
              "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotterdam_Metro_line_E"
            },
            {
              "accessedAt": "2026-06-13",
              "archivedUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260528154807/https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/RandstadRail",
              "kind": "other",
              "publisher": "Wikipedia (NL)",
              "quote": "Sinds 11 december 2011 rijden de metro's vanuit Den Haag over het tracé van metrolijn D door naar metrostation Slinge.",
              "tier": "tertiary",
              "title": "RandstadRail — Wikipedia (NL)",
              "url": "https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/RandstadRail",
              "via": "https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lijn_E_(metro_van_Rotterdam)"
            },
            {
              "accessedAt": "2026-06-13",
              "archivedUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260524172125/https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotterdamse_metro",
              "kind": "other",
              "publisher": "Wikipedia (NL)",
              "quote": "Op 11 december 2011 werd de lijn verlengd tot metrostation Slinge.",
              "tier": "tertiary",
              "title": "Rotterdamse metro — Wikipedia (NL)",
              "url": "https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotterdamse_metro",
              "via": "https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lijn_E_(metro_van_Rotterdam)"
            }
          ]
        }
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          "accessedAt": "2026-06-04",
          "archivedUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250911012136/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotterdam_Metro_line_E",
          "kind": "wikipedia",
          "title": "Rotterdam Metro line E — Wikipedia",
          "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotterdam_Metro_line_E"
        },
        {
          "accessedAt": "2026-06-04",
          "archivedUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260529095525/https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lijn_E_(metro_van_Rotterdam)",
          "kind": "wikipedia",
          "title": "Lijn E (metro van Rotterdam) — Wikipedia (NL)",
          "url": "https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lijn_E_(metro_van_Rotterdam)"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "name": {
    "en": "Rotterdam",
    "nl": "Rotterdam"
  }
}